I’ve been taking PPIs for a long time. Are there any long-term side effects I should know about?

Hi, thank you for your interesting question.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), such as omeprazole and pantoprazole, are generally safe and effective when used appropriately. However, long-term use, especially at higher doses, may be associated with some risks.

Prolonged PPI use can reduce stomach acid and may affect the absorption of certain nutrients, particularly vitamin B12, magnesium, calcium, and iron. Long-term use has also been associated with a higher risk of certain gastrointestinal infections and, in some people, an increased risk of bone fractures.

That does not mean PPIs are unsafe or that everyone taking them will develop these problems. For people who need them for conditions such as severe reflux, ulcers, or to protect the stomach while taking certain medications, the benefits may outweigh the potential risks.

The key is to use the lowest effective dose for the appropriate duration and have your treatment reviewed periodically with your healthcare professional. If you have been taking a PPI for a long time, don’t stop it suddenly without medical advice.