I’m wondering when I should start getting mammograms and how often I should have them. Is the recommendation the same for all women, or does it depend on my risk of breast cancer?

To all women,
A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast used to detect breast cancer, sometimes before a lump or other symptoms appear. Regular screening can help detect cancer early, when treatment may be more effective.

Women should generally begin routine screening mammograms at age 40. However, major medical organizations differ slightly on how often screening should be performed:

Every year: The American College of Radiology and the Society of Breast Imaging recommend annual mammograms starting the age of 40.

Every two years: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends mammograms every two years for women aged 40–74.
American Cancer Society (ACS): Women aged 40–44 may choose to begin annual screening; women aged 45–54 should have annual mammograms; and women aged 55 and older may switch to every two years or continue annually.

Women older than 74 should discuss whether to continue screening with their healthcare professional, considering their overall health, life expectancy, and personal preferences.

Who may need to start screening earlier?
Women with a higher-than-average risk may need earlier screening and additional imaging, such as breast MRI. Risk factors include:
A strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer.
Inherited genetic variants, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2.
A calculated lifetime breast cancer risk of 20% or higher.
Previous radiation therapy to the chest before age 30.

A healthcare professional can assess individual risk and recommend an appropriate screening plan.

What if I notice a breast change?

If you notice a new lump, skin changes, nipple changes, or unusual nipple discharge, do not wait until your next routine screening mammogram. Seek medical evaluation promptly. Your healthcare professional may recommend diagnostic imaging, such as a diagnostic mammogram or targeted ultrasound, depending on your symptoms.

💡 Key message: Age 40 is an important starting point for routine mammograms for women at average risk, but the ideal screening frequency depends on the guideline followed and individual circumstances. If you have symptoms or a higher risk of breast cancer, your screening and evaluation plan may be different.