I have been experiencing some discomfort when I urinate. How can I tell if I might have a urinary tract infection (UTI), and what symptoms should I look out for?

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is usually caused by bacteria and can affect different parts of the urinary system. The most common symptoms include:

Burning or pain when urinating
Needing to urinate more frequently
A sudden or strong urge to urinate

Other symptoms may include:

Lower abdominal or pelvic discomfort
Cloudy urine
Blood in the urine
Urine with a stronger or unusual odor

UTIs may require antibiotic treatment, but not every urinary symptom is caused by a bacterial UTI. That is why testing and evaluation by a healthcare professional can be important before starting antibiotics.

When should you seek medical attention?
If the infection spreads from the bladder to the kidneys, symptoms may include fever, chills, nausea or vomiting, and pain in the back or side. These symptoms can indicate a more serious infection and require prompt medical attention.

Key message: If you develop persistent or unusual urinary symptoms, don't ignore them. Proper evaluation can help identify the cause and ensure you receive the right treatment.